Fatores pós-natais relacionados ao transtorno do espectro do autismo: revisão integrativa da literatura
Palavras-chave:
Transtorno Autístico. Autismo. Pós-natal. Fatores de Risco.Resumo
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi reunir e sintetizar resultados da produção científica em inglês/espanhol/português entre 2000-2014, relacionada aos fatores pós-natais associados ao Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA). Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura com buscas nas bases LILACS, MEDLINE e PubMed. Os dados extraídos foram registrados em instrumento padronizado. Identificou-se 619 artigos e 20 satisfizeram os critérios de inclusão, sendo todos quantitativos e a maioria do tipo caso-controle. Os fatores com associação com o TEA foram: aspectos nutricionais (iodo e ácido docosahexaenóico); exposição ambiental (exposição a metais pesados); questões relacionadas à vacinação (reações adversas a vacinas com presença de mercúrio); doenças e complicações do recém-nascido (RN) (fenilcetonúria e níveis de bilirrubina); e infecções na criança. Os fatores pós-natais são preveníveis e modificáveis e o conhecimento desses fatores é essencial para a prevenção do TEA e para a elaboração de políticas públicas com o desenvolvimento de ações que favoreçam o diagnóstico e intervenção imediata e, consequentemente um melhor prognóstico para as pessoas com esse transtorno.
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Referências
1. AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION.
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.
5th ed. Arlington, VA: American
Psychiatric Association; 2013.
2. TORDJMAN, S. et al. Gene x
Environment interactions in autism
spectrum disorders: role of epigenetic
mechanisms. Frontiers in psychiatry, v.
5, n.53, 2014.
3. FOMBONNE, E. Epidemiology of
pervasive developmental disorders.
Pediatric research, v. 65, p. 591-8,
2009.
4. CENTERS FOR DISEASE
CONTROL AND PREVENTION
(CDC). Prevalence of autism spectrum
disorder among children aged 8 yearsautism and developmental disabilities
monitoring network, 11 sites, United
States, 2010. Morbidity a
5. CHRISTENSEN, D. L et al.
Prevalence and characteristics of autism
spectrum disorder among children aged
8 years—autism and developmental
disabilities monitoring network, 11
sites, United States, 2012. MMWR -
Surveillance Summaries, v. 65, 2016.
6. GRETHER, J.K., ROSEN, N.J.,
SMITH, K.S., CROEN, L.A.
Investigation of shifts in autism
reporting in the California Department
of Developmental Services. Journal of
autism and developmental disorders,
v.39, p.1412-9, 2009.
7. HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, I.,
DELWICHE, L. The rise in autism and
the role of age at diagnosis.
Epidemiology. v. 20, n. 1, p.84-90,
2009.
8. KEIL, K.P., LEIN, P.J. DNA
methylation: a mechanism linking
environmental chemical exposures to
risk of autism spectrum disorders?
Environmental epigenetics. 2016.
9. HAMZA, R. T., HEWEDI, D. H.,
SALLAM, M. T. Iodine deficiency in
Egyptian autistic children and their
mothers: relation to disease severity.
Archives of medical research, v. 44, n.
7, p. 555-561, 2013.
10. AL-FARSI, Y. et al. Impact of
nutrition on serum levels of
docosahexaenóico acid among Omani
children with autism. Nutrition, v. 29, n.
9, p. 1142-1146, 2013.
11. RAZ, R. et al. Autism spectrum
disorder and particulate matter air
pollution before, during, and after
pregnancy: a nested case–control
analysis within the Nurses’ Health
Study II cohort.
Environ Health Perspect, v. 123, n. 3, p.
264-70, 2015.
12. CHANG, S., CROTHERS, C.,
LAI, S., LAMM, S. Pediatric
neurobehavioral diseases in Nevada
counties with respect to perchlorate in
drinking water: an ecological
inquiry. Birth Defects Research Part A:
Clinical and Molecular Teratology, v.
67, n. 10, p. 886-892, 2003.
13. ABDULLAH, M. M. et al. Heavy
metal in children’s tooth enamel: related
to autism and disruptive behaviors?.
Journal of autism and developmental
disorders, v. 42, n. 6, p. 929-936, 2012.
14. EL-ANSARY, A. K. et al.
Relationship between chronic lead
toxicity and plasma neurotransmitters in
autistic patients from Saudi
Arabia. Clinical biochemistry, v. 44, n.
13, p. 1116-1120, 2011.
15. HOLMES, A. S., BLAXILL, M.
F., HALEY, B. E. Reduced levels of
mercury in first baby haircuts of autistic
children. International journal of
toxicology, v. 22, n. 4, p. 277-285,
2003.
16. MAJEWSKA, M. D. et al. Agedependent lower or higher levels of hair
mercury in autistic children than in
healthy controls. Acta neurobiologiae
experimentalis, v. 70, n. 2, p. 196-208,
2010.
17. PRICE, C. S. et al. Prenatal and
infant exposure to thimerosal from
vaccines and immunoglobulins and risk
of autism. Pediatrics, 2010.
18. MROZEK-BUDZYN, D.,
KIELTYKA, A., MAJEWSKA, R.
Lack of association between measlesmumps-rubella vaccination and autism
in children: A case-control study. The
Pediatric infectious disease journal, v.
29, n. 5, p. 397-400, 2010.
19. CHEN, W., LANDAU, S., SHAM,
P., FOMBONNE, E. No evidence for
links between autism, MMR and
measles virus. Psychologicalmedicine,
v. 34, n. 3, p. 543-553, 2004.
20. BAIELI, S. et al. Autism and
phenylketonuria. Journal of autism and
developmental disorders, v. 33, n. 2, p.
201-204, 2003.
21. CROEN, L. A., YOSHIDA, C. K.,
ODOULI, R., & NEWMAN, T. B.
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and risk of
autism spectrum
disorders. Pediatrics, v. 115, n. 2, p.
135-138, 2005.
22. JANGAARD, K. A., FELL, D. B.,
DODDS, L., & ALLEN, A. C.
Outcomes in a population of healthy
term and near-term infants with serum
bilirubin levels of≥ 325 μmol/L (≥ 19
mg/dL) who were born in Nova Scotia,
Canada, between 1994 and
2000. Pediatrics, v. 122, n. 1, p. 119-
124, 2008.
23. MAIMBURG, R. D. et al.
Neonatal jaundice: a risk factor for
infantile autism? Pediatric and
perinatal epidemiology, v. 22, n. 6, p.
562-568, 2008.
24. GEORGE, B. et al. CDC Kerala
13: Antenatal, Natal and Postnatal
Factors Among Children (2–6 y) with
Autism–A Case Control Study. The
Indian Journal of Pediatrics, v. 81, n. 2,
p. 133-137, 2014.
25. TSAI, W. H. et al. Association
between mechanical ventilation and
neurodevelopmental disorders in a
nationwide cohort of extremely low
birth weight infants. Research in
developmental disabilities, v. 35, n. 7, p.
1544-1550, 2014.
26. ROSEN, N. J., YOSHIDA, C. K.,
CROEN, L. A. Infection in the first 2
years of life and autism spectrum
disorders. Pediatrics, v. 119, n. 1, p. 61-
69, 2007.
27. ATLADÓTTIR, H. Ó. et al.
Association of hospitalization for
infection in childhood with diagnosis of
autism spectrum disorders: a Danish
cohort study. Archives of pediatrics &
adolescent medicine, v. 164, n. 5, p.
470-477, 2010.
28. HAMADÉ, A. et al. Autism in
children and correlates in Lebanon: a
pilot case-control study. Journal of
research in health sciences, v. 13, n. 2,
p. 119-124, 2013.
29. LEJARRAGA, H. et al. Screening
for developmental problems at primary
care level: a field programme in San
Isidro, Argentina. Paediatric and
perinatal epidemiology. v. 22, n. 2, p.
180-7, 2008.
30. MONTIEL-NAVA, C., PENA, J.
A. Epidemiological findings of
pervasive developmental disorders in a
Venezuelan study. Autism: the international journal of research and
practice. v. 12, n. 2, p. 191-202, 2008.
31. VAN-BALKOM I. D. et al.
Prevalence of treated autism spectrum
disorders in Aruba. Journal of
neurodevelopmental disorders. v. 1, n.
3, p. 197-204 2009.
32. PAULA, C. S. et al. Brief report:
prevalence of pervasive developmental
disorder in Brazil: a pilot study. Journal
of autism and developmental disorders.
v. 41, n. 12, p.1738-42, 2011.
33. LA SALLE, J. M. Epigenomic
strategies at the interface of genetic and
environmental risk factors for autism.
Journal of humangenetics. v. 58, p. 396-
401, 2013.
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.
5th ed. Arlington, VA: American
Psychiatric Association; 2013.
2. TORDJMAN, S. et al. Gene x
Environment interactions in autism
spectrum disorders: role of epigenetic
mechanisms. Frontiers in psychiatry, v.
5, n.53, 2014.
3. FOMBONNE, E. Epidemiology of
pervasive developmental disorders.
Pediatric research, v. 65, p. 591-8,
2009.
4. CENTERS FOR DISEASE
CONTROL AND PREVENTION
(CDC). Prevalence of autism spectrum
disorder among children aged 8 yearsautism and developmental disabilities
monitoring network, 11 sites, United
States, 2010. Morbidity a
5. CHRISTENSEN, D. L et al.
Prevalence and characteristics of autism
spectrum disorder among children aged
8 years—autism and developmental
disabilities monitoring network, 11
sites, United States, 2012. MMWR -
Surveillance Summaries, v. 65, 2016.
6. GRETHER, J.K., ROSEN, N.J.,
SMITH, K.S., CROEN, L.A.
Investigation of shifts in autism
reporting in the California Department
of Developmental Services. Journal of
autism and developmental disorders,
v.39, p.1412-9, 2009.
7. HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, I.,
DELWICHE, L. The rise in autism and
the role of age at diagnosis.
Epidemiology. v. 20, n. 1, p.84-90,
2009.
8. KEIL, K.P., LEIN, P.J. DNA
methylation: a mechanism linking
environmental chemical exposures to
risk of autism spectrum disorders?
Environmental epigenetics. 2016.
9. HAMZA, R. T., HEWEDI, D. H.,
SALLAM, M. T. Iodine deficiency in
Egyptian autistic children and their
mothers: relation to disease severity.
Archives of medical research, v. 44, n.
7, p. 555-561, 2013.
10. AL-FARSI, Y. et al. Impact of
nutrition on serum levels of
docosahexaenóico acid among Omani
children with autism. Nutrition, v. 29, n.
9, p. 1142-1146, 2013.
11. RAZ, R. et al. Autism spectrum
disorder and particulate matter air
pollution before, during, and after
pregnancy: a nested case–control
analysis within the Nurses’ Health
Study II cohort.
Environ Health Perspect, v. 123, n. 3, p.
264-70, 2015.
12. CHANG, S., CROTHERS, C.,
LAI, S., LAMM, S. Pediatric
neurobehavioral diseases in Nevada
counties with respect to perchlorate in
drinking water: an ecological
inquiry. Birth Defects Research Part A:
Clinical and Molecular Teratology, v.
67, n. 10, p. 886-892, 2003.
13. ABDULLAH, M. M. et al. Heavy
metal in children’s tooth enamel: related
to autism and disruptive behaviors?.
Journal of autism and developmental
disorders, v. 42, n. 6, p. 929-936, 2012.
14. EL-ANSARY, A. K. et al.
Relationship between chronic lead
toxicity and plasma neurotransmitters in
autistic patients from Saudi
Arabia. Clinical biochemistry, v. 44, n.
13, p. 1116-1120, 2011.
15. HOLMES, A. S., BLAXILL, M.
F., HALEY, B. E. Reduced levels of
mercury in first baby haircuts of autistic
children. International journal of
toxicology, v. 22, n. 4, p. 277-285,
2003.
16. MAJEWSKA, M. D. et al. Agedependent lower or higher levels of hair
mercury in autistic children than in
healthy controls. Acta neurobiologiae
experimentalis, v. 70, n. 2, p. 196-208,
2010.
17. PRICE, C. S. et al. Prenatal and
infant exposure to thimerosal from
vaccines and immunoglobulins and risk
of autism. Pediatrics, 2010.
18. MROZEK-BUDZYN, D.,
KIELTYKA, A., MAJEWSKA, R.
Lack of association between measlesmumps-rubella vaccination and autism
in children: A case-control study. The
Pediatric infectious disease journal, v.
29, n. 5, p. 397-400, 2010.
19. CHEN, W., LANDAU, S., SHAM,
P., FOMBONNE, E. No evidence for
links between autism, MMR and
measles virus. Psychologicalmedicine,
v. 34, n. 3, p. 543-553, 2004.
20. BAIELI, S. et al. Autism and
phenylketonuria. Journal of autism and
developmental disorders, v. 33, n. 2, p.
201-204, 2003.
21. CROEN, L. A., YOSHIDA, C. K.,
ODOULI, R., & NEWMAN, T. B.
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and risk of
autism spectrum
disorders. Pediatrics, v. 115, n. 2, p.
135-138, 2005.
22. JANGAARD, K. A., FELL, D. B.,
DODDS, L., & ALLEN, A. C.
Outcomes in a population of healthy
term and near-term infants with serum
bilirubin levels of≥ 325 μmol/L (≥ 19
mg/dL) who were born in Nova Scotia,
Canada, between 1994 and
2000. Pediatrics, v. 122, n. 1, p. 119-
124, 2008.
23. MAIMBURG, R. D. et al.
Neonatal jaundice: a risk factor for
infantile autism? Pediatric and
perinatal epidemiology, v. 22, n. 6, p.
562-568, 2008.
24. GEORGE, B. et al. CDC Kerala
13: Antenatal, Natal and Postnatal
Factors Among Children (2–6 y) with
Autism–A Case Control Study. The
Indian Journal of Pediatrics, v. 81, n. 2,
p. 133-137, 2014.
25. TSAI, W. H. et al. Association
between mechanical ventilation and
neurodevelopmental disorders in a
nationwide cohort of extremely low
birth weight infants. Research in
developmental disabilities, v. 35, n. 7, p.
1544-1550, 2014.
26. ROSEN, N. J., YOSHIDA, C. K.,
CROEN, L. A. Infection in the first 2
years of life and autism spectrum
disorders. Pediatrics, v. 119, n. 1, p. 61-
69, 2007.
27. ATLADÓTTIR, H. Ó. et al.
Association of hospitalization for
infection in childhood with diagnosis of
autism spectrum disorders: a Danish
cohort study. Archives of pediatrics &
adolescent medicine, v. 164, n. 5, p.
470-477, 2010.
28. HAMADÉ, A. et al. Autism in
children and correlates in Lebanon: a
pilot case-control study. Journal of
research in health sciences, v. 13, n. 2,
p. 119-124, 2013.
29. LEJARRAGA, H. et al. Screening
for developmental problems at primary
care level: a field programme in San
Isidro, Argentina. Paediatric and
perinatal epidemiology. v. 22, n. 2, p.
180-7, 2008.
30. MONTIEL-NAVA, C., PENA, J.
A. Epidemiological findings of
pervasive developmental disorders in a
Venezuelan study. Autism: the international journal of research and
practice. v. 12, n. 2, p. 191-202, 2008.
31. VAN-BALKOM I. D. et al.
Prevalence of treated autism spectrum
disorders in Aruba. Journal of
neurodevelopmental disorders. v. 1, n.
3, p. 197-204 2009.
32. PAULA, C. S. et al. Brief report:
prevalence of pervasive developmental
disorder in Brazil: a pilot study. Journal
of autism and developmental disorders.
v. 41, n. 12, p.1738-42, 2011.
33. LA SALLE, J. M. Epigenomic
strategies at the interface of genetic and
environmental risk factors for autism.
Journal of humangenetics. v. 58, p. 396-
401, 2013.
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Publicado
2020-02-07
Como Citar
MARTA MENDES DE OLIVEIRA, L.; ALVES MAIA, F. .; TEREZA CARVALHO ALMEIDA, M.; RACHEL ALVES, M. .; VICUNA SANTOS BANDEIRA LOPES, L. .; SPÍNOLA DUARTE DE OLIVEIRA, V.; BRUNO DA SILVA, V.; MARIA ELEUTÉRIO DE BARROS LIMA MARTINS, A. .; FERNANDA SANTOS FIGUEIREDO, M.; FAGUNDES SILVEIRA, M. Fatores pós-natais relacionados ao transtorno do espectro do autismo: revisão integrativa da literatura. Revista Unimontes Científica, [S. l.], v. 20, n. 1, p. 2–22, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.periodicos.unimontes.br/index.php/unicientifica/article/view/822. Acesso em: 19 abr. 2024.
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