Fatores perinatais associados ao Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo: Revisão integrativa da literatura
Palavras-chave:
Transtorno autístico; gravidez; assistência perinatal; fatores de riscoResumo
Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão integrativa de literatura para identificar os fatores perinatais associados ao TEA. Métodos: Uma pesquisa na PubMed, Medline e Lilacs foi realizada, utilizando como descritores: transtorno autista, gravidez, pré-natal, perinatal, pós-natal e neonatal. Foram incluídos estudos epidemiológicos/observacionais publicados em inglês/espanhol/português entre 2000-2014. Resultados: Identificaram-se 619 publicações e após a triagem dos critérios elegíveis, 17 artigos foram incluídos. Os principais fatores de risco associados ao TEA foram: sexo masculino (proporção de 4:1); mãe fumante passiva ou ativa; primogênito; doenças psiquiátricas e estado emocional materno; prematuridade; mulheres sem trabalho de parto ou parto prolongado; parto cesárea; Apgar menor que sete no 1º ou 5º minuto; idade gestacional <37 semanas de gestação e nascer com peso <2500 gramas. Conclusão: Ainda não há evidência suficiente para afirmar que os fatores perinatais listados sejam considerados agentes etiológicos, embora a exposição a esses fatores possa aumentar o risco para o desenvolvimento do TEA.
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